Bleaching hair can be a thrilling way to achieve a drastic change in appearance, but it can also lead to unexpected and sometimes disappointing results. One common issue that many people face after bleaching their hair is the unwanted color change, particularly when their hair turns brown. This phenomenon can be puzzling, especially if you were expecting a lighter, more vibrant shade. In this article, we will delve into the reasons behind why bleached hair might turn brown and explore the science behind hair color changes.
Introduction to Hair Structure and Color
To understand why bleached hair turns brown, it’s essential to have a basic knowledge of hair structure and how color is deposited into the hair shaft. Hair is made up of a protein called keratin, and its color comes from two types of melanin: eumelanin and pheomelanin. Eumelanin is responsible for brown and black colors, while pheomelanin produces red and yellow colors. The combination and ratio of these melanins determine an individual’s natural hair color.
The Bleaching Process
Bleaching hair involves using chemicals to break down and remove the melanin pigment from the hair shaft. The most common bleaching agents are hydrogen peroxide and ammonia. Hydrogen peroxide penetrates the hair and breaks down the melanin, while ammonia helps to open up the hair cuticle, allowing the peroxide to penetrate more easily. The goal of bleaching is to remove enough melanin to achieve the desired lighter color.
Factors Influencing Bleaching Results
Several factors can influence the outcome of the bleaching process, including the initial hair color, porosity of the hair, condition of the hair, and the bleaching technique used. For instance, hair with a higher concentration of eumelanin (darker hair) may require more aggressive bleaching to achieve significant lightening, which can increase the risk of damage and unpredictable color results.
Reasons Why Bleached Hair Turns Brown
There are several reasons why bleached hair might turn brown, and understanding these reasons can help in preventing or correcting the issue.
Overlapping and Underlying Pigments
One reason for the brown color appearance after bleaching is the presence of overlapping and underlying pigments. Even after bleaching, some amount of melanin may remain in the hair shaft, especially if the bleaching process was not thorough enough or if the hair was not light enough to begin with. Additionally, the warmth of the underlying pigment can cause the hair to appear more brown or brassy, especially in individuals with naturally darker hair.
Damage and Porosity
Hair damage and porosity can also play a significant role in why bleached hair turns brown. When hair is damaged, its cuticle layer can become lifted, making it more porous. This increased porosity can cause the hair to absorb more pigment from the environment, such as from mineral deposits in water or from certain hair products, leading to an unwanted brown color. Furthermore, damaged hair may not hold color as well, resulting in faster fading and potential color changes.
Mineral Deposits
Another factor that can contribute to bleached hair turning brown is the accumulation of mineral deposits. Hard water, which contains high levels of minerals such as iron, copper, and manganese, can deposit these minerals onto the hair shaft. Over time, these mineral deposits can oxidize and cause the hair to appear more brown or brassy, especially in bleached hair that lacks its natural pigment protection.
Corrective Measures
To correct or prevent bleached hair from turning brown, several measures can be taken. Using color-correcting products such as purple shampoos can help to neutralize brassy tones. Implementing a hair care routine that includes moisturizing and nourishing products can help to repair damage and reduce porosity. Additionally, using a water filter can reduce the mineral content in water used for washing hair, thereby minimizing the risk of mineral deposits.
Conclusion and Future Precautions
Bleached hair turning brown is a common issue that can arise due to various factors, including the initial hair color, porosity, condition of the hair, and the presence of overlapping and underlying pigments. Understanding these factors and taking preventive measures can help in achieving and maintaining the desired hair color. For those considering bleaching their hair, it’s crucial to consult a professional stylist who can assess the hair’s condition and provide personalized advice on how to achieve the best results while minimizing potential risks.
By grasping the science behind hair color changes and being aware of the potential reasons why bleached hair might turn brown, individuals can make informed decisions about their hair care and take steps to prevent or correct unwanted color changes. Whether you’re looking to maintain a vibrant blonde shade or simply want to understand more about hair color, knowledge is key to achieving healthy, beautiful hair.
What causes bleached hair to turn brown?
Bleached hair can turn brown due to a variety of factors, including exposure to the environment, product buildup, and the natural process of hair color fading. When hair is bleached, the cuticle is lifted, and the pigment is removed, leaving the hair shaft vulnerable to damage and color changes. As a result, the hair can absorb impurities and minerals from the air and water, leading to a brownish tint. Additionally, the use of certain hair products, such as those containing sulfates or parabens, can contribute to the discoloration of bleached hair.
The porosity of the hair also plays a significant role in the color change. If the hair is highly porous, it can absorb more impurities, leading to a greater degree of discoloration. Furthermore, the type of bleach used and the method of application can also affect the final color result. For instance, using a high-lift bleach or applying it for an extended period can cause more damage to the hair, leading to a higher likelihood of color change. Understanding the underlying causes of the color change can help individuals take preventive measures to maintain their desired hair color and minimize damage to their hair.
How does the environment affect bleached hair color?
The environment can significantly impact the color of bleached hair, with factors such as sunlight, water, and air pollution contributing to color changes. Sunlight, in particular, can cause bleached hair to become brassy or brown due to the UV rays breaking down the hair’s pigment. Similarly, exposure to hard water or water with high mineral content can lead to the deposition of minerals on the hair shaft, resulting in a brownish tint. Air pollution, including smoke and fumes, can also contribute to the discoloration of bleached hair by depositing impurities on the hair shaft.
To minimize the impact of the environment on bleached hair color, individuals can take several precautions. Using a color-protecting shampoo and conditioner can help to lock in the color and prevent fading. Wearing a hat or using a hair serum with SPF can also help to protect the hair from sunlight. Additionally, using a water filter or a shower head with a built-in filter can help to reduce the mineral content of the water, minimizing the risk of discoloration. By taking these precautions, individuals can help to maintain their desired hair color and prevent unwanted color changes.
Can product buildup cause bleached hair to turn brown?
Yes, product buildup can contribute to the discoloration of bleached hair. When hair products, such as shampoos, conditioners, and styling products, are used regularly, they can leave behind a residue on the hair shaft. This residue can attract impurities and minerals, leading to a brownish tint. Additionally, some hair products contain ingredients that can alter the pH of the hair, causing the cuticle to lift and the color to change. For instance, products containing sulfates or parabens can strip the hair of its natural oils, leading to dryness and color change.
To prevent product buildup from causing discoloration, individuals can use a clarifying shampoo once a week to remove any residue from the hair. They can also choose hair products that are sulfate-free and paraben-free, as these are less likely to cause color change. Furthermore, using a color-depositing treatment or a toner can help to neutralize any brassy tones and maintain the desired hair color. By being mindful of the products used and taking steps to prevent buildup, individuals can help to maintain their bleached hair color and prevent unwanted changes.
How does hair porosity affect bleached hair color?
Hair porosity plays a significant role in the color of bleached hair, as it determines how well the hair can absorb and retain color. Hair with low porosity has a compact cuticle layer, making it more resistant to color change. In contrast, hair with high porosity has a lifted cuticle layer, making it more prone to absorbing impurities and minerals, leading to discoloration. When hair is bleached, the cuticle is lifted, increasing the porosity of the hair and making it more susceptible to color change.
To minimize the impact of hair porosity on bleached hair color, individuals can use products that help to close the cuticle layer and reduce porosity. For instance, using a hair mask or a deep conditioning treatment can help to repair the hair and reduce porosity. Additionally, using a color-protecting shampoo and conditioner can help to lock in the color and prevent fading. By understanding the porosity of their hair and taking steps to manage it, individuals can help to maintain their desired hair color and prevent unwanted changes.
Can using the wrong bleach cause bleached hair to turn brown?
Yes, using the wrong bleach can contribute to the discoloration of bleached hair. There are different types of bleach available, including high-lift bleach, low-lift bleach, and bleach powder. Using a high-lift bleach on hair that is not suitable for it can cause over-processing, leading to damage and color change. Similarly, using a bleach that is not formulated for the individual’s hair type can also cause color change. For instance, using a bleach that is too alkaline can cause the hair to become brassy or brown.
To avoid using the wrong bleach, individuals should consult with a professional hairstylist to determine the best bleach for their hair type and desired color result. They should also follow the instructions carefully and perform a strand test before applying the bleach to the entire head. Additionally, using a bleach with a built-in toner or a color-correcting additive can help to minimize the risk of color change. By choosing the right bleach and following the correct application procedure, individuals can help to achieve their desired hair color and prevent unwanted changes.
How can I prevent my bleached hair from turning brown?
To prevent bleached hair from turning brown, individuals can take several precautions. Firstly, they should use a color-protecting shampoo and conditioner to help lock in the color and prevent fading. They should also use a hair mask or a deep conditioning treatment once a week to repair the hair and reduce porosity. Additionally, they can use a toner or a color-depositing treatment to neutralize any brassy tones and maintain the desired hair color. Wearing a hat or using a hair serum with SPF can also help to protect the hair from sunlight and prevent color change.
By following these precautions and being mindful of the products used, individuals can help to maintain their bleached hair color and prevent unwanted changes. Regular trims can also help to prevent split ends and breakage, which can contribute to color change. Furthermore, avoiding the use of hot water and reducing the frequency of washing can also help to minimize color fade. By taking a proactive approach to hair care, individuals can help to maintain their desired hair color and prevent discoloration, ensuring that their bleached hair remains healthy and vibrant.